I see what you mean about the old cast fitting being likely too fragile. I've never tried Sticks like **** and don't know how they got away with it. Does give you impression it should stick pretty well though
My concern would be that if you use adhesive to permanently bond the inspection plate you lose the rodding point if you ever need it.
Thinking more about it, is there any way of using some sort of external fastening system to hold the plate in place. What I was thinking was you sometimes see strap on boss connectors which hold themselves in place around the pipe with an external strap. If you could devise something like that with a new gasket round the opening to keep the seal, then you'd still be able to rod out if needed.